![]() ![]() Most components of lithium-ion batteries can be recycled, but the cost of material recovery remains a challenge for the industry. They also have a high power-to-weight ratio, high energy efficiency, good high-temperature performance, and low self-discharge. Lithium-ion batteries are currently used in most portable consumer electronics such as cell phones and laptops because of their high energy per unit mass relative to other electrical energy storage systems. ![]() The following energy storage systems are used in all-electric vehicles, PHEVs, and HEVs. Most plug-in hybrids and all-electric vehicles use lithium-ion batteries like these.Įnergy storage systems, usually batteries, are essential for all-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). ![]()
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